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      • Web Site Overview
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      • Background & Experience
      • Comments of Others
      • In the News
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    • Performance-Based Budgeting
      • Overview
      • Model Performance Budgeting System
      • Cascade Performance Based Budgeting Software™
      • International Interest in Performance Based Budgeting
      • Local Government Illustration of PBB
      • Performance Budget Examples
      • Guide to Cascade Performance Budgeting
      • White Paper - Performance Budgeting for Federal Agencies
      • ABC/M for Federal Agencies
      • ABC/M Compliance
    • Government Performance and Results Act
      • Overview
      • GPRA Text
      • GPRA Report
      • GPRA Modernization Act of 2010
      • Congressional Testimony
      • The Big Picture of Federal Performance Management
    • Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)
      • Overview
      • PART Questions
      • PART Instructions
      • PART Program Ratings
    • President's Management Agenda
      • Overview
      • December 2007 Scorecard
      • Strategic Management of Human Capital
      • Competitive Sourcing
      • Improved Financial Performance
      • Expanded Electronic Government
      • Budget and Performance Integration
      • BPI - The Reform
      • BPI - Expected Results
    • Scoring Congressional Oversight
      • Press Release
      • Scorecard for Congress
  • Contact

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  • Home
  • Topics
    • Government Performance Management
      • Web Site Overview
    • About John Mercer
      • Background & Experience
      • Comments of Others
      • In the News
      • International Work
      • Services & Clients
    • Performance-Based Budgeting
      • Overview
      • Model Performance Budgeting System
      • Cascade Performance Based Budgeting Software™
      • International Interest in Performance Based Budgeting
      • Local Government Illustration of PBB
      • Performance Budget Examples
      • Guide to Cascade Performance Budgeting
      • White Paper - Performance Budgeting for Federal Agencies
      • ABC/M for Federal Agencies
      • ABC/M Compliance
    • Government Performance and Results Act
      • Overview
      • GPRA Text
      • GPRA Report
      • GPRA Modernization Act of 2010
      • Congressional Testimony
      • The Big Picture of Federal Performance Management
    • Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)
      • Overview
      • PART Questions
      • PART Instructions
      • PART Program Ratings
    • President's Management Agenda
      • Overview
      • December 2007 Scorecard
      • Strategic Management of Human Capital
      • Competitive Sourcing
      • Improved Financial Performance
      • Expanded Electronic Government
      • Budget and Performance Integration
      • BPI - The Reform
      • BPI - Expected Results
    • Scoring Congressional Oversight
      • Press Release
      • Scorecard for Congress
  • Contact
John Mercer's picture

John Mercer

Budget and Performance Integration - Expected Results

OMB signaled its intention to base agency and program funding on tangible results, and to use comparisons between various programs to make budget decisions.

OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)

In July of 2002, the Office of Management and Budget announced development of a tool for formally evaluating the effectiveness of federal programs, called the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART).

OMB’s PART Questions

The PART questionnaire for each program was divided into four sections: 1. Program Purpose & Design, 2. Strategic Planning, 3. Program Management, and 4. Program Results.

PART Instructions

The PART’s instructions set a high standard for compliance with what each question sought and put the burden of proof on the program to show that it had fully met the evidentiary requirements.

PART Program Ratings

The 5 categories of possible ratings: Effective, Moderately Effective, Adequate, Ineffective, and Results Not Demonstrated.

The Government Performance and Results Act

In 1993, Congress enacted the Government Performance and Results Act . Commonly known as GPRA, this legislation is the foundation of the most fundamental reform of the federal government in decades.

GPRA Text

The full text of Public Law 103-62, the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993.

GPRA Report

The full text of S.Rept 103-58, the U.S. Senate Committee Report explaining the background, purpose, and requirements of GPRA.

GPRA Modernization Act of 2010

The GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (Pub. L. 111-352) is essentially an amendment to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993.

Congressional Testimony

The written testimony of John Mercer before a Congressional committee on June 19, 2001, at a hearing on whether GPRA has met the expectations of Congress.

The Big Picture of Federal Performance Management

GPRA aims at establishing within each agency an effective system of performance management that promotes accountability for results.

Background & Experience

With over 35 years in governmental PBB, and widely known as the "Father of GPRA", John Mercer has been described in the press as "a foremost expert in performance-based budgeting."

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Information and insight on revolutionizing government transparency and accountability


This web site provides information and insights, including examples, about Performance Based Budgeting/Management in government.  Much of the information applies generally to any government at any level anywhere.

It also includes items relating specifically to the U.S. Federal Government, including implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA), but which may be useful background for managers and staff at other governments.

Because of the great amount of interest in Performance-Based Budgeting by governments both within the US and internationally, this web site deals with this particular reform in some detail.

Popular content

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    Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)

    OMB's Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)

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    Performance-Based Budgeting

    Guide to Cascade Performance Budgeting

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    Scoring Congressional Oversight

    Press Release

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